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                            <b>1.</b>
                        
                        项目介绍
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                        ToutiaoWeb虚拟机使用说明
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                        Pycharm远程开发
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                        产品与开发
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                            <b>2.</b>
                        
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                        数据库设计
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                        理解ORM
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                        SQLAlchemy映射构建
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                            <b>2.4.</b>
                        
                        SQLAlchemy操作
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                            <b>2.5.</b>
                        
                        数据库理论
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                            <b>2.6.</b>
                        
                        分布式ID
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                            <b>2.7.</b>
                        
                        数据库优化
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                            <b>2.8.</b>
                        
                        Redis
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                            <b>3.</b>
                        
                        Git工作流
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                            <b>3.1.</b>
                        
                        Gitflow
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                            <b>3.2.</b>
                        
                        Git总结
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                            <b>3.3.</b>
                        
                        工程目录
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                            <b>3.4.</b>
                        
                        调试方法
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                            <b>4.</b>
                        
                        JWT
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                            <b>4.1.</b>
                        
                        JWT &amp; JWS &amp; JWE
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                        PythonLib
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                        实施方案
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                            <b>4.4.</b>
                        
                        禁用问题
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                            <b>5.</b>
                        
                        对象存储
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                            <b>5.1.</b>
                        
                        七牛云存储
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                            <b>5.2.</b>
                        
                        CDN
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                            <b>6.</b>
                        
                        缓存
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                            <b>6.1.</b>
                        
                        缓存的架构
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                            <b>6.2.</b>
                        
                        缓存的数据
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                            <b>6.3.</b>
                        
                        缓存的有效期与淘汰策略
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                            <b>6.4.</b>
                        
                        缓存模式
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                            <b>6.5.</b>
                        
                        缓存问题
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                            <b>6.6.</b>
                        
                        项目缓存与Redis持久存储设计
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                            <b>6.7.</b>
                        
                        项目缓存实现
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                            <b>6.8.</b>
                        
                        项目Redis持久存储实现
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                            <b>7.</b>
                        
                        APScheduler
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                            <b>7.1.</b>
                        
                        APScheduler使用
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                            <b>7.2.</b>
                        
                        定时修正统计数据
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                            <b>8.</b>
                        
                        RPC
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                            <b>8.1.</b>
                        
                        RPC简介
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                            <b>8.2.</b>
                        
                        gRPC
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                            <b>8.3.</b>
                        
                        Protocol Buffers
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                            <b>8.4.</b>
                        
                        推荐系统接口定义
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                            <b>8.5.</b>
                        
                        服务端
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                            <b>8.6.</b>
                        
                        客户端
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="C08-RPC/ToutiaoAPIViewImplement.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C08-RPC/ToutiaoAPIViewImplement.html">
                
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                            <b>8.7.</b>
                        
                        头条首页新闻推荐接口编写
                    </a>
            
            
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                            <b>9.</b>
                        
                        即时通信
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="C09-IM/AboutIM.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C09-IM/AboutIM.html">
                
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                            <b>9.1.</b>
                        
                        即时通信简介
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="C09-IM/WebSocket.html">
            
                
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                            <b>9.2.</b>
                        
                        WebSocket
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                    <a href="../C09-IM/SocketIO.html">
                
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                            <b>9.3.</b>
                        
                        Socket.IO
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="C09-IM/Chat.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C09-IM/Chat.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.4.</b>
                        
                        头条聊天服务实现
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="C09-IM/MessagePush.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C09-IM/MessagePush.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>9.5.</b>
                        
                        头条在线消息推送实现
                    </a>
            
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/index.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/index.html">
                
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                            <b>10.</b>
                        
                        Elasticsearch
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            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Introduction.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Introduction.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.1.</b>
                        
                        简介与原理
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        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/ConceptAndCluster.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/ConceptAndCluster.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.2.</b>
                        
                        概念与集群
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        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/AnalysisIK.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/AnalysisIK.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.3.</b>
                        
                        IK中文分析器
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.4" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/IndexAndType.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/IndexAndType.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.4.</b>
                        
                        索引与类型
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.5" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Document.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Document.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.5.</b>
                        
                        文档
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.6" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Logstash.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Logstash.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.6.</b>
                        
                        Logstash导入数据
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.7" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Query.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Query.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.7.</b>
                        
                        查询
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.8" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/ToutiaoSearchImplement.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/ToutiaoSearchImplement.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.8.</b>
                        
                        头条全文检索实现
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.9" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/Suggest.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/Suggest.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.9.</b>
                        
                        suggest查询
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="10.10" data-path="C10-Elasticsearch/ToutiaoSuggestImplement.html">
            
                
                    <a href="../C10-Elasticsearch/ToutiaoSuggestImplement.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>10.10.</b>
                        
                        头条suggest查询实现
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    

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                        <h1 id="jwt--jws--jwe">JWT &amp; JWS &amp; JWE</h1>
<h3 id="json-web-tokenjwt">Json Web Token(JWT)</h3>
<p>JSON Web Token&#xFF08;JWT&#xFF09;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x8F7B;&#x5DE7;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;JWT&#x5728;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x5B98;&#x65B9;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;:JSON Web Token (JWT) is a compact URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="../images/jwt.png" alt="img"></p>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x7F51;&#x4E0A;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;JWT&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x7AE0;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x7684;&#x90FD;&#x662F;JWS(JSON Web Signature),&#x4E5F;&#x5F80;&#x5F80;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x4E86;&#x4EBA;&#x4EEC;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;JWT&#x7684;&#x8BEF;&#x89E3;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;JWT&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x7B49;&#x4E8E;JWS&#xFF0C;JWS&#x53EA;&#x662F;JWT&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x4E86;JWS&#x5916;&#xFF0C;JWE(JSON Web Encryption)&#x4E5F;&#x662F;JWT&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;</p>
<p> &#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x5C31;&#x6765;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;JWT&#x4E0E;JWE&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="../images/jwt&amp;jws&amp;jwe.png" alt="img"></p>
<h3 id="json-web-signaturejws">JSON Web Signature(JWS)</h3>
<p>JSON Web Signature&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6709;&#x7740;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x7EDF;&#x4E00;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="../images/jws.png" alt="img"></p>
<h5 id="&#x5934;&#x90E8;&#xFF08;header&#xFF09;">&#x5934;&#x90E8;&#xFF08;Header&#xFF09;</h5>
<p>&#x5934;&#x90E8;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&#x8BE5;JWT&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x5176;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x6240;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x7B49;&#x3002;
 JSON&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x8981;&#x7ECF;Base64 &#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;Header&#x3002;</p>
<h5 id="&#x8F7D;&#x8377;&#xFF08;payload&#xFF09;">&#x8F7D;&#x8377;&#xFF08;PayLoad&#xFF09;</h5>
<p>payload&#x7684;&#x4E94;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x7531;JWT&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x6240;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<ol>
<li>iss: &#x8BE5;JWT&#x7684;&#x7B7E;&#x53D1;&#x8005;</li>
<li>sub: &#x8BE5;JWT&#x6240;&#x9762;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;</li>
<li>aud: &#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x8BE5;JWT&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x65B9;</li>
<li><strong>exp(expires): &#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x8FC7;&#x671F;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Unix&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x6233;</strong></li>
<li>iat(issued at): &#x5728;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x7B7E;&#x53D1;&#x7684;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6309;&#x9700;&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x3002;
 JSON&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x8981;&#x7ECF;Base64 &#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;PayLoad&#x3002;</p>
<h5 id="&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#xFF08;signature&#xFF09;">&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#xFF08;signature&#xFF09;</h5>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x90E8;&#x5206;header&#x4E0E;payload&#x901A;&#x8FC7;header&#x4E2D;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x52A0;&#x5BC6;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5BC6;&#x94A5;secret&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x52A0;&#x5BC6;&#xFF0C;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x3002;
 JWS&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x4E86;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5728;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x4E0D;&#x88AB;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x4EC5;&#x91C7;&#x7528;Base64&#x5BF9;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x4E0D;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x6CC4;&#x9732;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x9002;&#x5408;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x654F;&#x611F;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="json-web-encryptionjwe">JSON Web Encryption(JWE)</h3>
<p>&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;JWS&#xFF0C;JWE&#x5219;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x4E86;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x6027;&#x4E0E;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x6027;&#x3002;
 JWE&#x7531;&#x4E94;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="../images/jwe.png" alt="img"></p>
<p>JWE&#x7EC4;&#x6210;</p>
<p>&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x6B65;&#x9AA4;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li>JOSE&#x542B;&#x4E49;&#x4E0E;JWS&#x5934;&#x90E8;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x7684;Content Encryption Key &#xFF08;CEK&#xFF09;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;RSAES-OAEP &#x52A0;&#x5BC6;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x516C;&#x94A5;&#x52A0;&#x5BC6;CEK&#xFF0C;&#x751F;&#x6210;JWE Encrypted Key&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x751F;&#x6210;JWE&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x5411;&#x91CF;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;AES GCM&#x52A0;&#x5BC6;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x5BF9;&#x660E;&#x6587;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x52A0;&#x5BC6;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5BC6;&#x6587;Ciphertext,&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x4F1A;&#x968F;&#x4E4B;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;128&#x4F4D;&#x7684;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6807;&#x8BB0;Authentication Tag&#x3002;
 6.&#x5BF9;&#x4E94;&#x4E2A;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;base64&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#xFF0C;JWE&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x7E41;&#x7410;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x591F;&#x8F7B;&#x91CF;&#x7EA7;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x9002;&#x5408;&#x4E0E;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x800C;&#x975E;token&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x8BE5;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x4E5F;&#x8DB3;&#x591F;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x7B80;&#x77ED;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x517C;&#x987E;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x6027;&#x4E0E;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x6027;&#x3002;</p>

                    
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